📚 Grammar Mastery – Adjective Pronouns, Noun Clauses, Reported Speech & Adverbs
2ème BAC Sciences Mathématiques SMA
📌 Introduction
This lesson covers four essential grammar concepts for effective communication:
- Adjective Pronouns: Combine adjective + pronoun functions
- Noun Clauses: Act as nouns in complex sentences
- Reported Speech: Convey others’ words with transformations
- Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Learning Goal: “Transform direct speech to reported speech with proper pronoun, tense, and adverb adjustments”
1️⃣ Adjective Pronouns
Types
- Demonstrative (this, those)
- Possessive (mine, yours)
- Indefinite (some, any)
Examples
- These are my results
- The decision is hers
- Some were disappointed
✏️ Exercise: Identify the Adjective Pronoun
“Several of the students completed their projects early“
2️⃣ Noun Clauses
Characteristics
- Begin with that, whether, if, wh- words
- Function as subject, object, or complement
- Contain subject + verb
Example: “That the experiment succeeded surprised everyone.”
Function: Subject of the sentence
🧩 Exercise: Build a Noun Clause
3️⃣ Reported Speech
Transformation Rules
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| “I study daily” | He said he studied daily |
Other Changes:
- Pronouns (I → he/she)
- Time expressions (today → that day)
- Place references (here → there)
🔄 Exercise: Convert to Reported Speech
Direct: “We are conducting the experiment tomorrow,” the researchers said.
4️⃣ Adverbs
Types
- Manner (quickly)
- Frequency (always)
- Degree (very)
Formation
- Adjective + -ly (careful → carefully)
- Irregular forms (good → well)
- Same as adjective (fast, hard)
📝 Exercise: Adverb Transformation
Adjective:
Adverb:
🎯 Comprehensive Practice
✍️ Integrated Exercise
Convert this direct speech to reported speech with all necessary changes:
“I have carefully analyzed these results,” the scientist said yesterday.
Elements to include:
Pronoun change
Tense shift
Adverb
Time adjustment
